helmsman orders

Standard Wheel Orders

All wheel orders given should be repeated by the helmsman and the officer of the watch should ensure that they are carried out correctly and immediately. All wheel orders should be held until countermanded. The helmsman should report immediately if the vessel does not answer the wheel*.

ORDER MEANING Midships Rudder to be held in the fore and aft position. Port five 5° of port rudder to be held. Port ten 10° of port rudder to be held. Port fifteen 15° of port rudder to be held. Port twenty 20° of port rudder to be held. Port twenty-five 25° of port rudder to be held. Hard-a-port Rudder to be held fully over to port. Starboard five 5° of starboard rudder to be held. Starboard ten 10° of starboard rudder to be held. Starboard fifteen 15° of starboard rudder to be held. Starboard twenty 20° of starboard rudder to be held. Starboard twenty-five 25° of starboard rudder to be held. Hard-a-starboard Rudder to be held fully over to starboard. Ease to five Reduce amount of rudder to 5° and hold. Ease to ten Reduce amount of rudder to 10° and hold. Ease to fifteen Reduce amount of rudder to 15° and hold. Ease to twenty Reduce amount of rudder to 20° and hold. Steady Reduce swing as rapidly as possible. Steady as she goes Steer a steady course on the compass heading indicated at the time of the order. The helmsman is to repeat the order and call out the compass heading on receiving the order. When the ship is steady on that heading, the helmsman is to call out: 'Steady on . . .' Keep the buoy / mark / beacon on port / starboard side. Report if she does not answer the wheel. Finished with the wheel.

When the Officer of the watch requires a course to be steered by compass, the direction in which he wants the wheel turned should be stated followed by each numeral being said separately, including zero, for example:

ORDER COURSE TO BE STEERED 'Port, steer one eight two' 182° 'Starboard, steer zero eight two' 082° 'Port, steer three zero five' 305°

On receipt of an order to steer, for example, 182°, the helmsman should repeat it and bring the ship round steadily to the course ordered. When the ship is steady on the course ordered, the helmsman is to call out: 'Steady on one eight two'. The person giving the order should acknowledge the helmsman's call out. If it is desired to steer on a selected mark the helmsman should be ordered to: 'Steer on . . . buoy . . . (mark) . . . (beacon)'. The helmsman should repeat the order and when steady on the mark call out: 'Steady on . . . buoy . . . (mark) . . . (beacon)'. The person giving the order should acknowledge the helmsman's call out.

 EL SEXTANTE  
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El sextante es un instrumento que permite medir ángulos entre dos objetos tales como dos puntos de una costa o un astro -tradicionalmente, el Sol de la tierra- y el horizonte. Conociendo la elevación del Sol y la hora del día se puede determinar la latitud a la que se encuentra el observador. Esta determinación se efectúa con bastante precisión mediante cálculos matemáticos sencillos de aplicar.